
BMW has signed a deal with Russian car maker Avtotor to assemble the BMW 5-Series and Land Rover Defender at one of Avtotor's two plants in Kaliningrad. It plans to begin production of the cars by the summer of 1999, and the projected capacity of the enterprise is 10,000 cars a year. The volume of investments in the development of the production base will amount to about $28 million.

Avtotor's other plant assembles a number of Kia models from CKD kits. About 1,500 were sold in 1998.COPYRIGHT 1999 Cahners Publishing Company
COPYRIGHT 2000 Gale Group Britain's Mini defined space efficiency like other car, paving the way for today's A-class runabouts -- and the 2001 Mini.
It's October 1959 and the air in Britain is full of optimism. The nation that emerged from World War II victorious, yet virtually bankrupt, is finally enjoying its first real taste of post-war prosperity. Gone are gasoline rationing and other stringencies that plagued consumers for much of the decade. "You've never had it so good," beamed Prime Minister Harold MacMillan to his fellow citizens. He may have been right.
The buoyant economy is giving many people the means to purchase a new car. That's why there are so many new model introductions at the famous Earls Court Motor Show in London. The British market is ripe for an economical small car, roomy enough to carry four adults, and three potential show-stealers have emerged: the all-new Ford Anglia, Triumph Herald and British Motor Co.'s (BMC) Morris Mini-Minor and Austin Mini Seven -- identical except for their badges and collectively known as the Mini..

The Mini enters Earls Court riding the crest of its official debut two months earlier. Show-goers who flock to the Austin and Morris stands are wowed by cutaway versions of the ingenious little car, its cabin, luggage area and engine compartment sliced open with surgical precision for all to see. Clearly this is the most package-efficient vehicle ever made. It measures just 120 inches long overall, yet offers a full 96 linear inches of usable interior.
Little did the show crowd realize how designer Alec Issigonis' idea of a transverse engine mated with front-wheel drive had redefined the automobile. Front-wheel drive was nothing new, of course. Alvis and Cord tried it in the 1920s, Citroen in the 1930s and later, DKW and Saab. None influenced vehicle design as much as the 1959 Mini.
The car was more clever than innovative, the sum far exceeding the individual parts. The 850cc ohv 4-cylinder engine was adopted from BMC's ubiquitous A-series unit. Mounted east-west in the unibody, it had the 4-speed gearbox located in its sump. This helped drastically shorten the powertrain, allowing for a smaller engine compartment. The Mini's donut-like 10-inch wheels -- one of the car's trademarks -- were located at the very corners of the body. With little overhang front or rear, this further maximized the cabin area.

The car's fully independent suspension featured front wishbones and rear trailing arms and used rubber cones as springs. The elastomeric cones, developed by inventor Alex Moulton, absorbed energy well, stiffened progressively and coped with the greatly varying load demands of the small car. At the time of the Mini's launch, it was an inexpensive system. There was nothing cheap about the constant-velocity joints used in the front-drive, however. They were prentium components for a small car.
The British weekly Autocar heralded the new Mini as "a noteworthy breakthrough in small car design." So did the British public, who embraced Issigonis' baby as their own. The Mini soon outsold its three main European rivals already in production -- VW's Beetle, the Renault Dauphine and the Fiat 600 -- and put to bed the goofy "bubble cars" made by BMW, Messerschmitt and Heinkel. The Mini's success surprised everyone. Indeed, Ford alleged that BMC was selling the car below cost.
The Mini's squat stance and inherent stability gave handling superior to many contemporary sports cars. BMC sensed the car's potential and in 1961 introduced a tuned version, the Mini-Cooper, built in conjunction with Formula 1 chassis builder Cooper Cars. Throughout the decade, the Mini-Cooper became a genuine force in racing and rallying, often humbling larger, more powerful opponents. Factory-prepped Minis won the prestigious Monte Carlo Rally in 1964 and 1965. They also scored a 1-2-3 victory in 1966, but were disqualified over a technicality. They came back to win the 1967 Alpine Rally, among countless other events. By that time, the Mini had come to symbolize 1960s Britain -- melting the walls of social class and becoming a "mod" fashion statement in the process.

The Mini is still in production, basically unchanged after 40 years. Some 5.3 million have been built. It ranks with Ford's Model T, the VW Beetle and Fiat's Topolino as a milestone automotive design, and a bona-fide "people's car."
A successor, designed by a joint Rover-BMW team and powered by new BMW-DaimlerChrysler-developed engines, is due in 2001. Mini lovers past, present and future never had it so good.
COPYRIGHT 1999 Cahners Publishing Company
COPYRIGHT 2000 Gale Group